Data Table

Powerful table and datagrids built using TanStack Table.

Status	Email	Amount
success	ken99@example.com	$316.00
success	Abe45@example.com	$242.00
processing	Monserrat44@example.com	$837.00
success	Silas22@example.com	$874.00
failed	carmella@example.com	$721.00

0 of 5 row(s) selected.

Introduction

Every data table or datagrid I've created has been unique. They all behave differently, have specific sorting and filtering requirements, and work with different data sources.

It doesn't make sense to combine all of these variations into a single component. If we do that, we'll lose the flexibility that headless UI provides.

So instead of a data-table component, I thought it would be more helpful to provide a guide on how to build your own.

We'll start with the basic <Table /> component and build a complex data table from scratch.

Tip: If you find yourself using the same table in multiple places in your app, you can always extract it into a reusable component.

This guide will show you how to use TanStack Table and the <Table /> component to build your own custom data table. We'll cover the following topics:

Set up Table Features
Basic Table
Row Actions
Pagination
Sorting
Filtering
Visibility
Row Selection
Reusable Components

Installation

Add the <Table /> component to your project:


pnpm dlx shadcn@latest add @dots/table

Add the @tanstack/react-table dependency. This guide uses TanStack Table v9:


pnpm add @tanstack/react-table

Prerequisites

We are going to build a table to show recent payments. Here's what our data looks like:

type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}
 
export const payments: Payment[] = [
  {
    id: "728ed52f",
    amount: 100,
    status: "pending",
    email: "m@example.com",
  },
  {
    id: "489e1d42",
    amount: 125,
    status: "processing",
    email: "user@example.com",
  },
  // ...
]

Project Structure

Start by creating the following file structure:

app
└── payments
    ├── columns.tsx
    ├── data-table-features.ts
    ├── data-table.tsx
    └── page.tsx

I'm using a Next.js example here but this works for any other React framework.

columns.tsx (client component) will contain our column definitions.
data-table-features.ts will contain the shared features object that tells TanStack Table which behavior to enable.
data-table.tsx (client component) will contain our <DataTable /> component.
page.tsx (server component) is where we'll fetch data and render our table.

TanStack Table v9 is feature-based: you opt into the behavior you want — sorting, filtering, pagination, and so on — by declaring it with tableFeatures(). Anything you don't list is tree-shaken out of your bundle. That includes the built-in filter and sort functions: register the ones your columns rely on under filterFns and sortFns (our email filter uses includesString, and string columns sort with text / alphanumeric).

app/payments/data-table-features.ts

import {
  columnFilteringFeature,
  columnVisibilityFeature,
  createFilteredRowModel,
  createPaginatedRowModel,
  createSortedRowModel,
  filterFn_includesString,
  rowPaginationFeature,
  rowSelectionFeature,
  rowSortingFeature,
  sortFn_alphanumeric,
  sortFn_text,
  tableFeatures,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
// New in v9: declare the features this table uses — anything you don't
// register is tree-shaken out of the bundle.
export const features = tableFeatures({
  columnFilteringFeature,
  columnVisibilityFeature,
  rowPaginationFeature,
  rowSelectionFeature,
  rowSortingFeature,
  filteredRowModel: createFilteredRowModel(),
  paginatedRowModel: createPaginatedRowModel(),
  sortedRowModel: createSortedRowModel(),
  filterFns: { includesString: filterFn_includesString },
  sortFns: { alphanumeric: sortFn_alphanumeric, text: sortFn_text },
})
 
// Pass this as the first generic argument to `ColumnDef`, `Column`, `Table`,
// and `Row` so each type knows which feature APIs are available.
export type DataTableFeatures = typeof features

Note: The core row model is always included, so you never register it yourself. Row models for optional features are created with create*RowModel() and registered on the features object — there are no more get*RowModel table options.

Basic Table

Let's start by building a basic table.

Column Definitions

First, we'll define our columns.

app/payments/columns.tsx

"use client"
 
import { createColumnHelper } from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
import { type DataTableFeatures } from "./data-table-features"
 
// This type is used to define the shape of our data.
// You can use a Zod schema here if you want.
export type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}
 
// Use `accessor` for data columns and `display` for columns without one.
const columnHelper = createColumnHelper<DataTableFeatures, Payment>()
 
export const columns = columnHelper.columns([
  columnHelper.accessor("status", {
    header: "Status",
  }),
  columnHelper.accessor("email", {
    header: "Email",
  }),
  columnHelper.accessor("amount", {
    header: "Amount",
  }),
])

Note: Columns are where you define the core of what your table will look like. They define the data that will be displayed, how it will be formatted, sorted and filtered.

`<DataTable />` component

Next, we'll create a <DataTable /> component to render our table.

app/payments/data-table.tsx

"use client"
 
import { useTable, type ColumnDef, type RowData } from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
import {
  Table,
  TableBody,
  TableCell,
  TableHead,
  TableHeader,
  TableRow,
} from "@/components/ui/table"
 
import { features, type DataTableFeatures } from "./data-table-features"
 
interface DataTableProps<TData extends RowData> {
  columns: ColumnDef<DataTableFeatures, TData>[]
  data: TData[]
}
 
export function DataTable<TData extends RowData>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData>) {
  const table = useTable({
    features,
    data,
    columns,
  })
 
  return (
    <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
      <Table>
        <TableHeader>
          {table.getFlatHeaders().map((header) => (
            <TableHead
              key={header.id}
              id={header.id}
              isRowHeader={header.index === 0}
            >
              {header.isPlaceholder ? null : (
                <table.FlexRender header={header} />
              )}
            </TableHead>
          ))}
        </TableHeader>
        <TableBody renderEmptyState={() => "No results."}>
          {table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
            <TableRow key={row.id} id={row.id}>
              {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
                <TableCell key={cell.id}>
                  <table.FlexRender cell={cell} />
                </TableCell>
              ))}
            </TableRow>
          ))}
        </TableBody>
      </Table>
    </div>
  )
}

Tip: If you find yourself using <DataTable /> in multiple places, this is the component you could make reusable by extracting it to components/ui/data-table.tsx.

<DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />

<table.FlexRender /> vs flexRender: This guide uses v9's <table.FlexRender header={header} /> and <table.FlexRender cell={cell} /> component, available right on the table instance — no extra import needed. The classic flexRender(component, context) helper from v8 still works too, if you prefer the function form (or need to render outside the component that owns table, where you can also import the standalone <FlexRender />).

Render the table

Finally, we'll render our table in our page component.

app/payments/page.tsx

import { columns, Payment } from "./columns"
import { DataTable } from "./data-table"
 
async function getData(): Promise<Payment[]> {
  // Fetch data from your API here.
  return [
    {
      id: "728ed52f",
      amount: 100,
      status: "pending",
      email: "m@example.com",
    },
    // ...
  ]
}
 
export default async function DemoPage() {
  const data = await getData()
 
  return (
    <div className="container mx-auto py-10">
      <DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
    </div>
  )
}

Cell Formatting

Let's format the amount cell to display the dollar amount. We'll also align the cell to the right.

Update columns definition

Update the header and cell definitions for amount as follows:

app/payments/columns.tsx

export const columns = columnHelper.columns([
  columnHelper.accessor("amount", {
    header: () => <div className="text-right">Amount</div>,
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
      const formatted = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
        style: "currency",
        currency: "USD",
      }).format(amount)
 
      return <div className="text-right font-medium">{formatted}</div>
    },
  }),
])

You can use the same approach to format other cells and headers.

Row Actions

Let's add row actions to our table. We'll use a <Dropdown /> component for this.

Update columns definition

Update our columns definition to add a new actions column. The actions cell returns a <Dropdown /> component.

app/payments/columns.tsx

"use client"
 
import { createColumnHelper } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { MoreHorizontal } from "lucide-react"
 
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuItem,
  DropdownMenuLabel,
  DropdownMenuSeparator,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
 
export const columns = columnHelper.columns([
  // ...
  columnHelper.display({
    id: "actions",
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const payment = row.original
 
      return (
        <DropdownMenuTrigger>
          <Button variant="ghost" size="icon-xs">
            <span className="sr-only">Open menu</span>
            <MoreHorizontal />
          </Button>
          <DropdownMenu placement="bottom end" className="w-44">
            <DropdownMenuGroup>
              <DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
              <DropdownMenuItem
                onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText(payment.id)}
              >
                Copy payment ID
              </DropdownMenuItem>
            </DropdownMenuGroup>
            <DropdownMenuSeparator />
            <DropdownMenuGroup>
              <DropdownMenuItem>View customer</DropdownMenuItem>
              <DropdownMenuItem>View payment details</DropdownMenuItem>
            </DropdownMenuGroup>
          </DropdownMenu>
        </DropdownMenuTrigger>
      )
    },
  }),
  // ...
])

You can access the row data using row.original in the cell function. Use this to handle actions for your row eg. use the id to make a DELETE call to your API.

Pagination

Next, we'll add pagination to our table.

Pagination is already enabled

Because our features object includes rowPaginationFeature and createPaginatedRowModel(), the table automatically paginates rows into pages of 10 — there's nothing to add to useTable. See the pagination docs for more information on customizing page size and implementing manual pagination.

Add pagination controls

We can add pagination controls to our table using the <Button /> component and the table.previousPage(), table.nextPage() API methods.

app/payments/data-table.tsx

import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
 
export function DataTable<TData extends RowData>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData>) {
  const table = useTable({
    features,
    data,
    columns,
  })
 
  return (
    <div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table>
          { // .... }
        </Table>
      </div>
      <div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
        <Button
          variant="outline"
          size="sm"
          onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
          disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
        >
          Previous
        </Button>
        <Button
          variant="outline"
          size="sm"
          onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
          disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
        >
          Next
        </Button>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

See Reusable Components section for a more advanced pagination component.

Sorting

Let's make the email column sortable.

The rowSortingFeature and sorted row model are already registered in our features object, so all that's left is wiring up the sorting state.

Update `<DataTable>`

app/payments/data-table.tsx

"use client"
 
import * as React from "react"
import {
  useTable,
  type ColumnDef,
  type RowData,
  type SortingState,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
export function DataTable<TData extends RowData>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
 
  const table = useTable({
    features,
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    state: {
      sorting,
    },
  })
 
  return (
    <div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table
          sortDescriptor={
            sorting.length
              ? {
                  column: sorting[0].id,
                  direction: sorting[0].desc ? "descending" : "ascending",
                }
              : undefined
          }
          onSortChange={(sortDescriptor) => {
            table.setSorting([
              {
                id: "" + sortDescriptor.column,
                desc: sortDescriptor.direction === "descending",
              },
            ]);
          }}>
          { ... }
        </Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Make header cell sortable

We can now update the email header cell to add sorting controls.

app/payments/columns.tsx

"use client"
 
import { createColumnHelper } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { ArrowUpDown } from "lucide-react"
 
import { buttonVariants } from "@/components/ui/button"
 
export const columns = columnHelper.columns([
  columnHelper.accessor("email", {
    header: ({ column }) => {
      return (
        <div className={buttonVariants({ variant: "ghost" })}>
          Email
          <ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
        </div>
      )
    },
  }),
])

This will automatically sort the table (asc and desc) when the user toggles on the header cell.

Filtering

Let's add a search input to filter emails in our table.

The columnFilteringFeature and filtered row model are already part of our features object, so we only need to wire up the filter state and render an input.

Update `<DataTable>`

app/payments/data-table.tsx

"use client"
 
import * as React from "react"
import {
  useTable,
  type ColumnDef,
  type ColumnFiltersState,
  type RowData,
  type SortingState,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"
 
export function DataTable<TData extends RowData>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
 
  const table = useTable({
    features,
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
    },
  })
 
  return (
    <div>
      <div className="flex items-center py-4">
        <Input
          placeholder="Filter emails..."
          value={(table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ""}
          onChange={(event) =>
            table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
          }
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
      </div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table>{ ... }</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Filtering is now enabled for the email column. You can add filters to other columns as well. See the filtering docs for more information on customizing filters.

Visibility

Adding column visibility is fairly simple using @tanstack/react-table visibility API.

Update `<DataTable>`

app/payments/data-table.tsx

"use client"
 
import * as React from "react"
import {
  useTable,
  type ColumnDef,
  type ColumnFiltersState,
  type ColumnVisibilityState,
  type RowData,
  type SortingState,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
 
export function DataTable<TData extends RowData>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
    React.useState<ColumnVisibilityState>({})
 
  const table = useTable({
    features,
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
    },
  })
 
  return (
    <div>
      <div className="flex items-center py-4">
        <Input
          placeholder="Filter emails..."
          value={table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string}
          onChange={(event) =>
            table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
          }
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
        <DropdownMenuTrigger>
          <Button variant="outline" className="ml-auto">
            Columns
          </Button>
          <DropdownMenu placement="bottom end">
            <DropdownMenuGroup
              selectionMode="multiple"
              selectedKeys={
                table
                  .getVisibleFlatColumns()
                  .filter((column) => column.getCanHide())
                  .map(column => column.id)
              }
              onSelectionChange={(keys) => {
                table.setColumnVisibility(
                  Object.fromEntries(
                    table
                      .getAllFlatColumns()
                      .map((c) => [
                        c.id,
                        !c.getCanHide() || keys === "all" || keys.has(c.id),
                      ])
                  )
                )
              }}
            >
              {table
                .getAllColumns()
                .filter((column) => column.getCanHide())
                .map((column) => {
                  return (
                    <DropdownMenuItem
                      key={column.id}
                      id={column.id}
                      className="capitalize"
                    >
                      {column.id}
                    </DropdownMenuItem>
                  )
                })}
            </DropdownMenuGroup>
          </DropdownMenu>
        </DropdownMenuTrigger>
      </div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table>{ ... }</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

This adds a dropdown menu that you can use to toggle column visibility.

Row Selection

Next, we're going to add row selection to our table.

Update column definitions

app/payments/columns.tsx

"use client"
 
import { createColumnHelper } from "@tanstack/react-table"
 
import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge"
import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"
 
export const columns = columnHelper.columns([
  columnHelper.display({
    id: "select",
    header: () => <Checkbox slot="selection" />,
    cell: () => <Checkbox slot="selection" />,
    enableSorting: false,
    enableHiding: false,
  }),
])

Update `<DataTable>`

app/payments/data-table.tsx

export function DataTable<TData extends RowData>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
    React.useState<ColumnVisibilityState>({})
  const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = React.useState({})
 
  const table = useTable({
    features,
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
      rowSelection,
    },
  })
 
  return (
    <div>
      <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-md border">
        <Table
          selectionMode="multiple"
          selectedKeys={table.getSelectedRowModel().rows.map((row) => row.id)}
          onSelectionChange={(selection) => {
            if (selection === "all") {
              table.toggleAllRowsSelected()
            } else {
              table.setRowSelection(
                Object.fromEntries([...selection].map((key) => [key, true]))
              )
            }
          }}
        />
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

This adds a checkbox to each row and a checkbox in the header to select all rows.

Show selected rows

You can show the number of selected rows using the table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel() API.

<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
  {table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
  {table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>

Country Select Date Field